# Struck-By & Caught-In/Between Hazards
Two of the Focus Four happen fast and often around **equipment and materials**.
## Struck-by
- **Vehicles & equipment** — wear hi-vis, make eye contact with operators, stay out of blind spots and backing paths.
- **Falling objects** — use toe boards, debris nets, and never stand under suspended loads; secure tools at height.
- **Flying objects** — eye protection when cutting, grinding, or using powder-actuated tools.
## Caught-in / between
- **Trench cave-ins** (covered next) — a leading caught-in killer.
- **Machinery** — keep guards on; never reach into moving equipment; use LOTO during service.
- **Pinch points** — stay clear of equipment and a fixed object (walls, other equipment).
**Takeaway:** Stay visible, never stand under loads, keep machine guards on, and avoid pinch points between equipment and fixed objects.
> ⚠️ *Educational overview — this is **not** official OSHA certification. Get OSHA 10/30 training from an OSHA-authorized trainer, and always follow your employer's safety program and current OSHA standards (29 CFR 1926 for construction).*
